The
Mikoyan MiG-29 (Russian: Микоян МиГ-29; NATO reporting name:
Fulcrum) is a twin-engine jet fighter aircraft designed
in the Soviet Union. Developed by the Mikoyan design bureau
as an air superiority fighter during the 1970s, the MiG-29,
along with the larger Sukhoi Su-27, was developed to counter
new U.S. fighters such as the McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle
and the General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon. The MiG-29
entered service with the Soviet Air Forces in 1982. While
originally oriented towards combat against any enemy aircraft,
many MiG-29s have been furnished as multirole fighters capable
of performing a number of different operations, and are
commonly outfitted to use a range of air-to-surface armaments
and precision munitions. The MiG-29 has been manufactured
in several major variants, including the multirole Mikoyan
MiG-29M and the navalised Mikoyan MiG-29K; the most advanced
member of the family to date is the Mikoyan MiG-35. Later
models frequently feature improved engines, glass cockpits
with HOTAS-compatible flight controls, modern radar and
infrared search and track (IRST) sensors, and considerably
increased fuel capacity; some aircraft have also been equipped
for aerial refueling. Following the dissolution of the
Soviet Union, the militaries of a number of former Soviet
republics have continued to operate the MiG-29, the largest
of which is the Russian Air Force. The Russian Air Force
wanted to upgrade its existing fleet to the modernised MiG-29SMT
configuration, but financial difficulties have limited deliveries.
The MiG-29 has also been a popular export aircraft; more
than 30 nations either operate or have operated the aircraft
to date. As of 2013 the MiG-29 was still in production by
Mikoyan, a subsidiary of United Aircraft Corporation (UAC)
since 2006.
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